Showing posts with label Finland. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Finland. Show all posts

Wednesday, April 26, 2023

Finland & Music: Easter Passion & Dementia!


Finland is one of the few non Asian countries where their educational results matched those of Singapore and Hong Kong without spoon feeding.

They value their Health Care system and they protect their National Parks.

Looks like their emphasis on music education may be good for the grandparents too.

March 13, 2015
Helsingin yliopisto (University of Helsinki)

Although listening to music is common in all societies, the biological determinants of listening to music are largely unknown. According to a new study, listening to classical music enhanced the activity of genes involved in dopamine secretion and transport, synaptic neurotransmission, learning and memory, and down-regulated the genes mediating neurodegeneration. Several of the up-regulated genes were known to be responsible for song learning and singing in songbirds, suggesting a common evolutionary background of sound perception across species.

Listening to music enhanced the activity of genes involved in dopamine secretion and transport, synaptic function, learning and memory. One of the most up-regulated genes, synuclein-alpha (SNCA) is a known risk gene for Parkinson's disease that is located in the strongest linkage region of musical aptitude. SNCA is also known to contribute to song learning in songbirds.
"The up-regulation of several genes that are known to be responsible for song learning and singing in songbirds suggest a shared evolutionary background of sound perception between vocalizing birds and humans," says Dr. Irma Järvelä, the leader of the study.

In contrast, listening to music down-regulated genes that are associated with neurodegeneration, referring to a neuroprotective role of music.
"The effect was only detectable in musically experienced participants, suggesting the importance of familiarity and experience in mediating music-induced effects," researchers remark.

The findings give new information about the molecular genetic background of music perception and evolution, and may give further insights about the molecular mechanisms underlying music therapy.
                                                      

© 2012 Am Ang Zhang

A reprint:


Easter Passion: Classical Music & The Next Generation


 Easter will soon be here and it is time for Bach's best music.

Passiflora alata ©2008 Am Ang Zhang

In the early 1600s, a Jesuit priest came across a Passion flower in 
South America and was taken by its complexity and beauty. That night he had a vision, so the story went, that the flower's trio of stigma resembled the three nails used in the crucifixion; the stamens represented the wounds; the spiky purple crown above the petals, the crown of thorns; and the tendrils of the plant were the scourges. The name was a direct reference to the Passion of Christ. I find it peculiar that the plant has been found in the wild in every continent except Europe and Antarctica. 
In England the Victorians loved it and then fell out of love with it. Now it is making a comeback possibly due to the fruits’ popularity in modern gourmet cooking. 
There are many varieties and some are edible. Of the edible kind there are two big groups, the one with the dark skin one and the one with the yellow skin.
The plant itself, from the stem to the leaves and the flowers, have been used by South American natives for various medicinal purposes, none currently approved by the F.D.A.

The fruit has some of the most concentrated fragrance of any fruit species. The charm is in its acidity which enhances the intense flavour and natural sweetness. With fine vanilla ice-cream it is a delight. It can be used as a topping for many desserts and famously for Pavlova. It is made into soft drinks and is often used in tropical cocktails. The golden variety is best eaten fresh and the dark skin ones can be left to mature as the flavour intensifies further.
With the golden to near blood red seeds, the fruit qualifies as a colourful non-green fruit, with all the necessary anti-oxidants. To me it is just flavoursome. 

©2008 Am Ang Zhang


As it is Easter I am listening to St. Matthew's Passion. Would this indeed be the piece of music to take to your desert island? 


“On the Easter music note, it is perhaps appropriate to mention Mahler’s Second Symphony: The Resurrection. The text of the music made no biblical reference and it was Mahler’s very personal view of life and his life was full of tragedies and suffering, with the premature deaths of his siblings and daughter, and his own heart disease. There has not been a greater composer to emerge since his death.”

The biologist Lewis Thomas when asked what message he would send to aliens famously said: “……Bach, all of Bach……”. 

Richard Dawkins picked it as one of his eight desert island discs. Now you know.

The Guardian:Why we are shutting children out of classical music.
April 2, 2009 Tom ServiceTom Service is a 33-year-old classical music critic. For 25 years of concert-going he found himself to be amongst the youngest in the audience.

But there is something else that is strange:
“I've noticed that bus and train stations now pipe canned classical music, day-in, day-out, through their speakers as a way of stopping young people hanging around. So toxic have the associations become, that this experiment actually works: there is evidence that playing Beethoven and Mahler has reduced antisocial behaviour on the transport network.”

He went on:

“An entire generation, aged between 10 and 30, seems radically disenfranchised from classical music. How, and when, did this happen?”
Then in Finland:

“A couple of years ago, I saw a class of seven-year-olds in Helsinki enthusiastically learning Finnish and maths by performing sophisticated little songs with astonishing tuning and rhythm. And this wasn't a music school - just a typical Finnish state primary. Finland only developed its curriculum in the postwar period, but it works: today, the Finns are classical music world-beaters, and their education system has produced more great instrumentalists, conductors and composers per capita than any other country on earth.”

Esa-Pekka Salonen is of course the Principal Conductor of the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra and Finland’s most famous music export in recent times.
I was at a concert recently and a large numbers of players in the orchestra were Koreans. Well apart from steel and TV and cars, the Koreans are now into golf and music in a big way. The LPGA is certainly dominated by Koreans. Could it be that music gave them the edge in golf as well, not just the chopsticks?


Tom again:
“Here is a ready-made answer to the problems of renewing classical music's role in society. Make them statutory requirements for every local authority, and give them the responsibility for rebuilding the network of classical musical possibility that used to resound throughout the country.”
And perhaps throw in golf for good measure.

It was in 1990 that American troops played deafening pop and heavy metal music day and night outside the Vatican Mission to Panama City that Noriega surrendered.

In future, this strategy might have to be changed, Beethoven, Mahler and God forbid even Bach.

Tom Service’s last words:

“We've already lost one generation - we can't afford to lose another.”


4 comments:

Julie said...
It's a source of great sadness to me as a classical musician that classical music is no longer formally taught in the classroom as it was when I was growing up. It became the victim of a reverse elitism; that classical music was for snobs and also that ordinary folk weren't good enough to learn classical music and have it as part of their culture. It's a phemonenon that is particularly British; in Germany, they have big Bach choirs and in Italy everyone knows their Verdi and Rossini. The irony is that pop music is much more difficult to perform than your average Bach chorale, yet it's held up as the music of the common man. I think things are beginning to turn round, but I felt like chucking bricks through the telly when they were going on about these wonderful childrens' orchestras in Venezuala that were working wonders and keeping them out of trouble. We had a whole system of music schools and orchestras in Glasgow that were shut down one by one and the one that I teach at survived because we wouldn't give up and got various trusts to sponsor us.
Anyway, sorry about the rant. Yep, I would definitely take Bach to a desert island and send it to aliens; particularly the six Bach Sonatas and Partitas for unaccompanied violin, but that's my fancy.
Cockroach Catcher said...
Thanks Julie. I grew up in poor post communist HK and fought for my own music education and valued it.

Both my girls are good musicians.

But music does a lot more.
hyperCRYPTICal said...
As a child at primary and junior school level I lived in the leafy suburbs of a (then – don’t know whether it still is) affluent coastal town in Sussex.

Each morning assembly was rounded off with five to ten minutes of classical music and this is where my appreciation of it was born – love of opera was to come much later.

Classical music was not a feature of secondary schooling of either myself or any level of schooling in that of my children (who are now old(ish)) in the cold climes of my part of Britain where I moved pre-teen.

I have never seen opera live as in the city near to where I live now, despite its claim of culture for it does not offer it – or if it does it is so badly advertised I am never aware of it.

One of my memories of my late teens was to see The Red Army Choir live and I fell in love with the beauty of their wonderful voices. I still play an LP – slightly scratched as it is – I bought soon after this concert and it continues to ‘fill me up.’ (I have purchased DVDs but all – although being the songs on my lovely LP – are ‘modernised’ to such an extent that their awfulness has led to only one listening.)

I think my children (who bent to peer pressure and decided classical music was not for them) and indeed any child who does not know of classical music has a void in their life and unfortunately are unaware of it.

Anna :o]
Cockroach Catcher said...
One of my reason to move to London after retirement.

Royal Opera House and New York Met have very reasonable tickets.

Opera is good value entertainment.

Thanks to Julie and Anna

Saturday, August 27, 2022

Finland & Suicide: Settled Medical Science!

Medicine progresses and new discoveries are made though not necessary all that often. Compare with transistor and electronic technology medicine is the tortoise.

Yet, there are things we thought were a given at Medical School. Certainly, functions of well known Vitamins such as A, D & C. Vaccination against Smallpox. Endocrine conditions such as Thyrotoxicosis and Type 1 Diabetes. Stress and Peptic Ulcer is more or less a given. This is the phenomenon of “settled medical science”, next topic please.

We have at our school a wonderful teacher in endocrinology. Coming to think of it, a great one in haematology, GI disorders and I am not even venturing out to other specialties. Of course all our teachers were British trained and many became really the parents of medicine in Hong Kong.

We were so proud of our teachers that we have acquired a degree of arrogance about certain areas of medicine. We certainly know all there is to know about Thyroid, Diabetes and Thalassaemia. Peptic Ulcer is an interesting one as our Professor, Old Mac is not happy and decided that we should only call it Ulcer Syndrome, and as with other syndrome diagnosis, it implies that we still do not know. It has taken nearly another three decades before someone else proved that he was right.

 September 2012 ©2012 Am Ang Zhang

So in 1996, I was in Finland for a World Congress in Infant Psychiatry more or less during the longest daylight week of the whole year. Walking back with some Finnish Child Psychiatrists back to our University Accommodation at well past 11 at night when it was still bright, my Finnish colleagues jokingly said that in Finland, people started contemplating suicide after the Summer Solstice.

That Finland has the highest suicide rate of any first world country is well known and ever since the popularity of the diagnosis of SAD, it was naturally assumed that darkness in the Finnish Winter must have contributed to their famous suicide rate. I was back to Finland in 2012, this time for an extended Autumn holiday. Researching before travel uncovered some medical information that surprised me.

Extensive research in Finland[1] revealed that the highest rates of suicide started in May peaking at Summer solstice and tailing off symmetrically in July.

Our key finding of statistical significance demonstrates the increased suicide mortality on nationwide level in Finland during the period from May 14th to July 25th. This 76-day period covers symmetrically both sides of summer solstice. During this period there is only 1 to 4 hours of darkness during the night in Helsinki but no darkness at all in Oulu.

This is a high quality research that came out in 2011 in a country where suicide rate is high although in recent years, they have done much in terms of improving mental health care that has quite dramatically moved Finland out of the top few countries.

As I have stated earlier, there are subjects we studied in medical school and had the confident impression that our knowledge on some conditions were complete! Now let us concentrate on other newer conditions. Settled Medical Science indeed.

Other links:

https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2133&context=theseshttps://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2133&context=theses
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12668374/

https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2016/04/21/474847921/the-arctic-suicides-its-not-the-dark-that-kills-you

https://theswaddle.com/does-sunlight-make-people-suicidal/

https://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2009/05/11/2566391.htm?site=sunshine&topic=latest

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Suicides-in-the-midnight-sun%E2%80%94a-study-of-seasonality-Bj%C3%B6rkst%C3%A9n-Bjerregaard/2f402d0545f6dce588e2738218330ec51b5ec3ba

https://neurocritic.blogspot.com/2009/05/suicide-rates-in-greenland-are-highest.html

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/05/090507190558.htm




Feb 19, 2013 ... Adult A.D.H.D. & Faking: Real Psychosis & Suicide. Adult A.D.H.D. is open to faking and more so by medical students. In children, it was my ...

Jun 6, 2013 ... Stephen Fry has disclosed that he attempted suicide last year and only survived the “close run thing” when a colleague found him unconscious ...




[1] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3206457/

Monday, February 26, 2018

Finland: Lithium!

In medicine, population wide survey has its place not forgetting that when many modern psychiatric drugs went through the so called "robust" double blind control trial, it is never really all that double blind as many of the drugs tested have side effects that could easily biased both patient and researcher. The patient realising that he/she is taking the "real" drug might want to report improvement or the opposite. The observing researcher will realise very quickly and may unfortunately be biased even if unintentional.

I remember questioning the presenters of Olanzapine on this especially as patient reported great craving for food and put on weight, the presenter refused to answer my question.

Then there is the question of Bipolar or Unipolar. Well, my view is this and Psychiatrist might not like to admit it: we might get it wrong. If risk of suicide is high why use something that might provoke suicide. The same Finnish team that did the research came up with the answer on using Lithium in Unipolar Depression!



© 2012 Am Ang Zhang


Finland & Unipolar Depression: a nationwide cohort study.


Prof Jari Tiihonen, et al/  Here are the essential points and full summary here.

Background
Little is known about the comparative effectiveness of long-term pharmacological treatments for severe unipolar depression. We aimed to study the effectiveness of pharmacological treatments in relapse prevention in a nationwide cohort of patients who had been admitted to hospital at least once as a result of unipolar depression.

Methods
Our nationwide cohort study investigated the risk of readmission to hospital in 1996–2012 in all patients in Finland who had been admitted to hospital at least once for unipolar depression (without a diagnosis of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder) in Finland between Jan 1, 1987, and Dec 31, 2012.

Findings
Data from 123712 patients were included in the total cohort, with a mean follow-up time of 7·9 years (SD 5·3). Lithium use was associated with a lower risk of re-admission to hospital for mental illness than was no lithium use. Risk of hospital readmission was lower during lithium therapy alone.

Interpretation
Our results indicate that lithium, especially without concomitant antidepressant use, is the pharmacological treatment associated with the lowest risk of hospital readmission for mental illness in patients with severe unipolar depression, and the outcomes for this measure related to antidepressants and antipsychotics are poorer than lithium. Lithium treatment should be considered for a wider population of severely depressed patients than those currently considered, taking into account its potential risks and side-effects.



The following is an extract from The Cockroach Catcher:

“Get him to the hospital. Whatever it is he is not ours, not this time. But wait. Has he overdosed on the Lithium?”

“No. my wife is very careful and she puts it out every morning, and the rest is in her bag.”

Phew, at least I warned them of the danger. It gave me perpetual nightmare to put so many of my Bipolars on Lithium but from my experience it was otherwise the best.

“Get him admitted and I shall talk to the doctor there.”

He was in fact delirious by the time they got him into hospital and he was admitted to the local Neurological hospital. He was unconscious for at least ten days but no, his lithium level was within therapeutic range.

He had one of the worst encephalitis     they had seen in recent times and they were surprised he survived.

Then I asked the Neurologist who was new, as my good friend had retired by then, if the lithium had in fact protected him. He said he was glad I asked as he was just reading some article on the neuroprotectiveness of lithium.

Well, you never know. One does get lucky sometimes. What lithium might do to Masud in the years to come would be another matter.

I found that people from the Indian subcontinent were very loyal once they realised they had a good doctor – loyalty taking the form of doing exactly what you told them, like keeping medicine safe; and also insisting that they saw only you, not one of your juniors even if they were from their own country. It must have been hard when I retired.

Some parents question the wisdom of using a toxic drug for a condition where suicide risk is high. My answer can only be that lithium seems inherently able to reduce that desire to kill oneself, more than the other mood stabilizers, as the latest Harvard research shows.
Lithium has its problems – toxic at a high level and useless at a low one, although the last point is debatable as younger people seem to do well at below the lower limit of therapeutic range.
Many doctors no longer have the experience of its use and may lose heart as the patient slowly builds up the level of lithium at the cellular level. The blood level is a safeguard against toxicity and anyone starting on lithium will have to wait at least three to four weeks for its effect to kick in. In fact the effect does not kick in, but just fades in if you get the drift.
Long term problems are mainly those of the thyroid and thyroid functions must be monitored closely more so if there is a family history of thyroid problems. Kidney dysfunction seldom occurs with the Child Psychiatrist’s age group but is a well known long term risk.
Also if there is any condition that causes electrolyte upset, such as diarrhea, vomiting and severe dehydration, the doctor must be alerted to the fact that the patient is on Lithium.


Could Lithium be the Aspirin of Psychiatry? Only time will tell!.

Thursday, July 20, 2017

Proms: Finland & England.

The Proms has just started. And what a start. Sibelius will feature prominently. As the Cockroach Catcher started his listening career on Violin Concertos, it was doubly exciting to hear Lisa Batiashvili’s (1739 Guarneri del Gesu violin) exhilarating Sibelius Violin Concerto.

© 2012 Am Ang Zhang


From Finland:


March 13, 2015
Helsingin yliopisto (University of Helsinki)

Although listening to music is common in all societies, the biological determinants of listening to music are largely unknown. According to a new study, listening to classical music enhanced the activity of genes involved in dopamine secretion and transport, synaptic neurotransmission, learning and memory, and down-regulated the genes mediating neurodegeneration. Several of the up-regulated genes were known to be responsible for song learning and singing in songbirds, suggesting a common evolutionary background of sound perception across species.
Listening to music enhanced the activity of genes involved in dopamine secretion and transport, synaptic function, learning and memory. One of the most up-regulated genes, synuclein-alpha (SNCA) is a known risk gene for Parkinson's disease that is located in the strongest linkage region of musical aptitude. SNCA is also known to contribute to song learning in songbirds.
"The up-regulation of several genes that are known to be responsible for song learning and singing in songbirds suggest a shared evolutionary background of sound perception between vocalizing birds and humans," says Dr. Irma Järvelä, the leader of the study.

In contrast, listening to music down-regulated genes that are associated with neurodegeneration, referring to a neuroprotective role of music.
"The effect was only detectable in musically experienced participants, suggesting the importance of familiarity and experience in mediating music-induced effects," researchers remark.

The findings give new information about the molecular genetic background of music perception and evolution, and may give further insights about the molecular mechanisms underlying music therapy.
                                                      

But:



The Guardian:Why we are shutting children out of classical music.
April 2, 2009 Tom Service is a 33-year-old classical music critic. For 25 years of concert-going he found himself to be amongst the youngest in the audience.

But there is something else that is strange:

“I've noticed that bus and train stations now pipe canned classical music, day-in, day-out, through their speakers as a way of stopping young people hanging around. So toxic have the associations become, that this experiment actually works: there is evidence that playing Beethoven and Mahler has reduced antisocial behaviour on the transport network.”

He went on:

“An entire generation, aged between 10 and 30, seems radically disenfranchised from classical music. How, and when, did this happen?”
Then in Finland:

“A couple of years ago, I saw a class of seven-year-olds in Helsinki enthusiastically learning Finnish and maths by performing sophisticated little songs with astonishing tuning and rhythm. And this wasn't a music school - just a typical Finnish state primary. Finland only developed its curriculum in the postwar period, but it works: today, the Finns are classical music world-beaters, and their education system has produced more great instrumentalists, conductors and composers per capita than any other country on earth.”

Esa-Pekka Salonen is of course the Principal Conductor of the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra and Finland’s most famous music export in recent times.
I was at a concert recently and a large numbers of players in the orchestra were Koreans. Well apart from steel and TV and cars, the Koreans are now into golf and music in a big way. The LPGA is certainly dominated by Koreans. Could it be that music gave them the edge in golf as well, not just the chopsticks?


Tom again:

“Here is a ready-made answer to the problems of renewing classical music's role in society. Make them statutory requirements for every local authority, and give them the responsibility for rebuilding the network of classical musical possibility that used to resound throughout the country.”
And perhaps throw in golf for good measure.

It was in 1990 that American troops played deafening pop and heavy metal music day and night outside the Vatican Mission to Panama City that Noriega surrendered.


In future, this strategy might have to be changed, Beethoven, Mahler and God forbid even Bach.


Tom Service’s last words:


“We've already lost one generation - we can't afford to lose another.”


Old and New: Multiple Sclerosis & Elgar
The Ring: Child Psychiatry & Human Behaviour
Nobel: Kandel and Lohengrin
Lohengrin: Speech Disability, Design & Hypertension
Easter Passion: Bach, Beethoven and Mahler
'The Knowledge' and the Brain