Wednesday, April 29, 2020

Chatter: Parenting & Dependency!

It might be of interest to present a record of one of my chatters (group supervision) with juniors! Names were obviously changed to protect them or me or even patients. 

The Cockroach Catcher learned a good deal from these chatters!

©2015 Am Ang Zhang

Minnie: Mrs B. just called from Canada. Your secretary said that this is one mother you will talk with anytime anywhere.
C.C.: Right, let me take the call and I’ll come back.

*************************

Minnie: so what is so special about Mrs B..

Jessie: Dr. Zhang has a few of these Patients that are basically untouchables and after the number of years of working with him I am just about making out that he has indeed a number of good points about it.

Trish: I know that many consultants do not talk to parents on the phone.

Jessie: I think Dr. Zhang does not either for good reasons as many parents get confused over the phone and it is best to explain things face to face in person.

C.C.: You learn over the years that there are inherent dangers in telephone conversations with parents especially if you do not know them well enough.  This is particularly true of cases involving access or abuse.  People either misconstrue or worse deliberately twist things in their favour.

Jessie: You have been known to refuse to see the other parent if there is any major dispute. Remember the one who finally broke into the wife’s house?

C.C.: Luckily he is now serving time.

Joss: What happened there.

C.C.: It really was a sad case of Domestic Violence. One day the wife pluck up courage and got an injunction. He moved to his parents in Brighton. Mother came to see me because of nightmares the daughter has been having. He demanded to have details of the notes and threatened to sue. I refused on grounds newly conferred on us( that it may be harmful to one other person). He wanted to talk to me and I refused. He complained and the investigating manager ask if I would see him at least once to see what it is all about. I said I would only do it in her presence. I explained my position and the right conferred to consultants. He became very threatening and we quickly terminated the meeting before it got uglier. Within a week of our meeting he broke into her house whilst she and her daughter was away, took her car and crashed it. From then on, I stuck to my guns and nobody bothers me anymore including the manager.

Minnie: But there are parents you would talk to.

C.C.: Over time you develop certain relationship with certain Patients and their parents that you are in some ways better off talking to them than not. First there often is an obvious need for them to talk to you. Then it saves time if you take the call and money too if they are calling from abroad. You also become their personal therapist and they really need to consult you even if it is about making decisions on buying a condo.

Paula: You advice people on buying a condo?

Jessie: And a few other things. Marriage, having babies!

C.C.: It is a long story.

Mrs B. was one of the first parents I went to see on a domiciliary visit when I became a consultant over 24 years ago.

Trish: You kept a patient going for 24 years?

C.C.: It is true that patients do not grow old, they just become familiar.

I think that the B.s are some of the nicest parents you can ever meet and over time they become your friend without becoming your social friend.

Tom: you mean you do not meet them socially.

C.C.: Not at all.

Joss: These are the people that gave the clinic the filing cabinets.

C.C.: That is very good. Exact same ones. I once had to take a call from one of the managers turning down my order for more filing cabinets. I was in the middle of seeing the B.s parents. I told them what happened and how and the next day two filing cabinets were delivered to the office.  You do get frustrated in the NHS when such basic items were not provided for. I obviously never thought that they would done it as I probably have other ideas such as toys for children if they were going to donate money. I was more grateful for the thought than for the actual cabinets.

What is important is that over the years I have learned a lot from this family.

Jessie: They shaped your view on adoption.

C.C.: This is the problem with a lot of psychodynamic understanding of people and if the truth be told, even the likes of Freud and Jung and Piaget based their theory on a very small number of Patients. I already have my own views on adoption and over time some cases encapsulate features that appear in a number of other cases. With these kinds of cases it is difficult to do research in terms of statistical significance and all that. I suppose people turn them into books and over time you hope to gain some insight into the complexity of human behaviour that way.  Some people argue that you cannot form an opinion say on adoption based on a few cases or not such a few number of cases.

Trish: At the adolescent unit over the years there are such similarities with types of cases that it becomes quite scary.

C.C.: I think that adopted children are ten times more likely to be disturbed than non adopted population and that is saying something. One can argue that human resilience is quite amazing and if it is not due to that we may see more disturbed individuals because of the kind of abuse and traumatic life experience they have.

Tom: Prof. Rutter had a good paper on these girls that we would have written off now if we see them in A & E after an overdose.
C.C.: I was actually at his paper presentation at a Royal College Conference.  You never would have thought that Rutter would move away from Autism to these wayward girls.  I think if I remember correctly they all by chance or fate met some nice men and married and settled down. I do not think boys are as lucky somehow. One might argue that somehow oestrogen, the great protective hormone might be at play and genetically, one needs to preserve the great species of Homo Sapiens.

Joss: Do you think that perhaps adoption does not work so well because the necessary hormones are not at play.
C.C.: Winnicott and Maternal Pre-occupation. You should all try and get to read his collected essays as human observation from a paediatrician seemed that much nearer whatever is going on than adult observers.  I think Child Psychiatry is such a great discipline for understanding human behaviour and to me it is the greatest discipline of all psychiatry if not all Medicine.

Minnie: Despite all the fakes.

C.C.: Don’t get me wrong, the fakes are in fact part of the fun. What I tried to bring out is we need to be able to distinguish between real mad and real bad.

Paula: You do not think it is non-pc to call someone mad.

C.C.: I know it is non-pc but sometimes one can shy away from these terms and Child psychiatric discipline moved from being called Child Guidance to Family Consultation where the role of the medical professional has been eroded.

Minnie: And patients cannot be called patients!

Tom: Service Users or Clients!

Jessie: It was Dr. Zhang who renamed our clinic the Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry.

C.C.: To Americans I call myself Pediatric Psychiatrist with the American spelling.

Jessie: not Family Guidance Service Provider!

C.C Proud to be a doctor, still.

Tom: With more discoveries of neurotransmitters the medical role is more important than ever.

C.C.: Yet a lot of the time we are dealing with what I called anthropological situations and all that is going on is rather external than microscopic.

Joss: Like with adoption.

C.C.: Adoption is a great cop out for many.

Minnie: Do you mean if it works it is the adoptive parents’ good work and if it didn’t it is not their genetic fault?

C.C.: This fault problem has been bugging me for a long time and most parents would tried their hardest to get some proof that it is not their fault and that is why diagnosis such as ADHD, ME, Aspergers,  Dyslexia are so popular with parents that at one stroke you remove the guilt from them.  Most parents nowadays seem to accept the most horrendous incurable diagnosis than having to face themselves or their own dark family history.   Obviously it is good in some ways for the parents and not so good for the child who one day will have to face the fact that they are labelled something they are blatantly not.  It was quite a revelation to me with the American medical students last week after I talked about my views on ADHD that two of them stayed behind to tell me that they have been on Ritalin since as long as they can remember and there is this great fear that if they stop now they may not get their grades.  I think they can see the sense of my arguments and were rather perturbed by it. One girl asked to see me on her own and it was blatantly clear that she never had ADHD but somehow was hooked on Ritalin to help with her work and was unsure now how to get out of it.

Paula: What did you do.

C.C.: It is obvious that you will shake her whole confidence now before exams and so on so I suggested that since I am not her treating doctor I can only suggest that she should look at it after her exams are over and move on into her medical career. She was most grateful and relieved.

Jessie: So they were psychologically dependent.

C.C.: Obviously. I think sometimes we need to look at the bigger picture.  There is no real research to back this up. But obviously cocaine is the closest of abuse drugs to Ritalin. We all know which country has the biggest Cocaine problem and we also know which country leads the world in Ritalin and stimulant prescription. One day, surprise, surprise some smart guy will find a link and maybe banished from that country and the medical world.


Joss: There is obviously the fear of missing out and I think your idea of getting her to sort things out after her graduation is a really kind one.

C.C.: it is often difficult when you give seminars as nowadays we touch on rather personal problems, eating disorder, parental divorce, abuse and adoption.

Minnie: Yet none of us wants you to tone down because of one of us as we need to know the full story.
C.C.: I suppose those of us brought up with a cadaver on the first day of medical school are programmed to face the stark facts of life.

Paula: Except some medical schools no longer do that which I suppose is sad in a way.

Jessie: What about Mrs. B.? Are you going to tell us more?

C.C.: Well maybe next time!




Can it be that it was all so simple then
Or has time rewritten every line
If we had the chance to do it all again
Tell me - Would we? Could we?
                                                                      The Way We Were


     
The Cockroach Catcher on Amazon Kindle UK, Amazon Kindle US

Monday, March 23, 2020

Tristan und Isolde



Tristan und Isolde tonight via Metopera Free Streaming at the time of Coronavirus!



"I fear the opera will be banned – unless the whole thing is parodied in a bad performance –: only mediocre performances can save me! Perfectly good ones will be bound to drive people mad, – I cannot imagine it otherwise."
Richard Wagner to Mathilde Wesendonck

My great love is Tristan und Isolde, and for that Wagner will have his place in the history of European culture because there he drops all his ideological bullshit, and all his dangerous sides. And finally he is really concentrating on his music and his poetry. And here he develops all his greatness. There is the Wagner that I am looking for.
Gottfried Wagner, TV documentary

"Tristan is not about 'being', it’s about 'becoming'. And it’s not an opera about love, but about death. The fear of death. This is the motor of the opera. There’s nothing more democratic than death."
Daniel Barenboim before his Met debut with Tristan und Isolde

Friday, March 20, 2020

La Traviata & La Bohème: TB & Morality


As I listen to the performance of La Traviata at The Met of December 15 2018 which is the same one with the same cast we went to on December 22, 2018, I will reprint an earlier blog.

A reprint from Dec. 17 2013

La Traviata & La Bohème: Illness & Morality

In The Cockroach Catcher:


“It would not be a great surprise to anyone who has any inkling of the history of medicine that sooner or later any medical condition with an alleged aetiology of pure psychological origin will prove to have a non psychological cause. This is particularly true of those conditions classified by non-psychiatrists.

In the past, ignorance has led to belief that certain conditions are either punishment by god, visions of great religious significance or simply madness. Accordingly you might be burnt, become a saint or simply be given one of the psychiatric medications.”


Tuberculosis is one such condition that came to mind, more so as last Sunday we saw a production of La Traviata by one of opera’s grandest composers, Giuseppe Verdi.


In 1897, a young nun Thérèse Martin in a convent of Lisieux was dying of tuberculosis. She was essentially writing the equivalent of the modern day blog in the form of a diary. She was 24 then and had led an uneventful and sheltered life, taking the veil at only 15 and in contrast to most saints, she experienced and accomplished little. With her tuberculosis, her health deteriorated rapidly and she spent her last five years in the convent’s infirmary
, continuing to diarise her innermost thoughts and emotions up until her death. The convent published her writings as an autobiography: Story of a Soul. After her death, many miracles were attributed to her intervention. In 1925, she became Saint Thérèse of the Child Jesus and of the Holy Face, and during World War II, Pope Pius XII proclaimed her co-patron saint of France, along with Joan of Arc.

Yet not long before the Industrial Revolution, in folklore, tuberculosis had been regarded as vampirism. As people with TB often had red, swollen eyes, pale skin and coughing blood, stories abounded that the afflicted could only replenish this loss of blood by sucking blood.

All of this changed in the nineteenth century – Mimi in La Bohème, Violetta in La Traviata (from Murger’s Scènes de la vie de Bohème, and Alexander Dumas’ novel La dame aux Camélias) and of course Hugo’s Fantine in Les Misérables. Tuberculosis became the preferred cause of death for a certain type of female character.


Verdi at 38 began an affair with a singer who was later to become his wife. Many viewed La Traviata as Verdi’s own way of testing public opinion. His new wife was luckier than Violetta.


Verdi of course was an opera revolutionary and in a letter to his friend Cesarino de Sanctis early in 1853, he wrote, “For Venice I am writing La Dame aux Camélias, a contemporary subject. Another composer might not want to do it perhaps because of the costumes, the period, and a thousand other awkward scruples … But I am doing it with total pleasure. E
verybody screamed in horror when I suggested putting a hunchback on the stage. Well, I was happy to compose Rigoletto.”

He was not so lucky with Venice as they insisted on 1700 costume when Verdi wanted contemporary ones. In that production, Violetta was nowhere near consumptive although it might well be a reflection of sopranos of the time: big and fat.


Luckily for us, his threat to withdraw the opera completely was rescued by a second performance that fitted in with Verdi’s ideal and the opera world was blessed with one of the three most performed operas; La Boheme and Rigoletto being the other two. All three operas remain my favourites.

Carlos Kleiber’s Traviata starring Ileana Cotrubas and Placido Domingo has to be the all time best in my eyes (or more correctly to my ears), closely followed by Angela Gheorghiu’s amazing performance under Sir Georg Solti.

In 1993 we went to Boheme at the Met. A very beautiful and slim Mimi appeared and you could hear the silence in the audience as she started to sing. It was one of the best Boheme’s: Angela Gheorghiu’s debut at the Met.

Tuberculosis sells.
Opera in the end is still one of the best medium as Dumas is hardly known nor performed nowadays.



Thursday, March 19, 2020

The Dark Side: Il Trovatore Another Baby Murdered: Mother threw own baby in fire


Today the Met is streaming this opera for free: here is an earlier blog.


Metopera Website
“A mother stole a baby from a wealthy family. She proceeded to throw her own baby into a fire and bring up the baby from the wealthy family as her own.”

That was not another Social Services blunder.

That was at the Royal Opera House on the 
13th of April 2009.
Verdi’s Il Trovatore is probably well known to most for its Anvil Chorus. For me it is about The Dark Side, the dark side of human nature.

“My hunch is that despite media coverage many of us still fail to grasp the dark side – the dark side of human nature. Until we do, we shall continue to read about child abuse, abductions and murders of the worst kind.” From The Cockroach Catcher.

Much has been written about training others to do the doctor’s work in an attempt to save health cost. What is not covered is the fact that there is training and there is a broader aspect of education. The ability to transmit culture external to genetic coding is what distinguishes Homo sapiens from other animal species on Planet Earth. Many bloggers are well educated in this cultural respect either by design, by choice or by accident. There is now an uncomfortable feeling of de-education in the Brave New World. Will the next generation of doctors, nurses and bloggers be as cultured? I do wonder!

In Il Trovatore, Azucena is the mother who killed her own baby and Manrico was brought up by her. Manrico is the brother of Count Di Luna that burnt Azucena’s mother for being a witch. Azucena had to avenge her mother’s death. How much hate can you hold. She had to throw her own child in the fire, bring up Manrico so that he would one day be killed by his own brother! Unbelievable! The full synopsis here.

Well, that roughly is it, Il Trovatore and the dark side. One of Verdi's best!





London debut: US soprano Sondra Radvanovsky in Il Trovatore
TelegraphThe Royal Opera House. Il Trovatore: unitl May 7, 2009.


Wednesday, February 26, 2020

M + M: Morbidity and Mortality Conference

© Am Ang Zhang 2018



I had a most enjoyable time on a Viking Ocean Cruise to return to the sad case of a Doctor being struck off. Reminds me of the book I read by Gawande: 




In one of the most moving passages in the book, Gawande’s father, in hospice, rises from his wheelchair to hear his son lecture at their hometown university. “I was almost overcome just witnessing it,” Gawande writes.

........Gawande offers no manifesto, no checklist, for a better end of life. Rather, he profiles professionals who have challenged the status quo, including Bill Thomas and other geriatricians, palliative-care specialists, and hospice workers. Particularly inspiring are the stories of patients who made hard decisions about balancing their desire to live longer with their desire to live better. These include Gawande’s daughter’s piano teacher, who gave lessons until the last month of her life, and Gawande’s father, also a surgeon, who continued work on a school he founded in India while dying of a spinal tumor.
He’s awed not only by his father’s strength, but by the hospice care that helped the dying man articulate what mattered most to him, and to do it. Gawande thinks, as he watches his proud father climb the bleachers, “Here is what a different kind of care — a different kind of medicine — makes possible.”

What would lawyers say about M + M:

- ‘There is one place, however, where doctors can talk candidly about their mistakes, if not with patients, then at least with one another. It is called the Morbidity and Mortality Conference – or, more simply, M+M – and it takes place, usually once a week, at nearly every academic hospital in the country. This institution survives because laws protecting its proceedings from legal discovery have stayed on the books in most states, despite frequent challenges.’ 


I read Gawande when in Peggy's Cove and posted about his book Complications! Honestly, I did not know Gawande was giving the Reith Lectures. 


Peggy's Cove: Charm & Complications!

What a charming place: Peggy's Cove of Halifax.

The Cockroach Catcher was finishing reading the book Complications and such charming old landscape reminds him of the old traditional medical training he received and how some doctors still do. Like the author of this book.

The book reads more like a collection of blog posts and in fact it was. Yet it was real and touching. Sometimes it was brunt and brutal. and after all doctors are as human as anyone. Complications includes those doctors themselves may suffer: mental illness and alcoholism as well as the serious cardiac condition of the author's young son.

We, doctors make mistakes and please we must be allowed to sort them out without affecting career or worst, future medical behaviour.

A great book for doctors in particular and when on holiday in a charming place.

 (Metropolitan Books, 288 pages, $24), a collection of 14 pieces, some of which were originally published in The New Yorker and Slate magazines, Gawande uses real-life scenarios – a burned-out doctor who refuses to quit; a terminal patient who opts for risky surgery, with fatal results – to explore the larger ethical issues that underlie medicine. He asks: How much input should a patient have? How can young doctors gain hands-on experience without endangering lives? And how responsible are these doctors for their mistakes?
While “Complications” is full of tragic errors and near misses, the book is not intended to be an expose. Rather, Gawande asserts, it is meant to deepen our understanding of the intricacies of medicine. “In most medical writing, the doctor is either a hero or a villain,” he says, with an edge in his voice. “What I am trying to do is push beyond that and show how ordinary doctors are – and at the same time show that what they can do is extraordinary.”
John Freeman, Copyright (c) 2002 The Denver Post.

Quotes


- ‘There have now been many studies of elite performers – international violinists, chess grand masters, professional ice-skaters, mathematicians, and so forth – and the biggest difference… is the cumulative amount of deliberate practice they’ve had.’


- ‘We have long faced a conflict between the imperative to give patients the best possible care and the need to provide novices with experience. Residencies attempt to mitigate potential harm through supervision and graduated responsibility. And there is reason to think patients actually benefit from teaching. Studies generally find teaching hospitals have better outcomes than non-teaching hospitals. Residents may be amateurs, but having them around checking on patients, asking questions, and keeping faculty on their toes seem to help. But there is still getting around those first few unsteady times a young physician tries to put in a central line, remove a breast cancer, or sew together two segments of a colon… the ward services and clinics where residents have the most responsibility are populated by the poor, the uninsured, the drunk, and the demented… By traditional ethics and public insistence (not to mention court rulings), a patient’s right to the best care possible must trump the objective of training novices. We want perfection without practice. Yet everyone is harmed if no one is trained for the future. So learning is hidden behind drapes and anesthesia and the elisions of language.’ 


- ‘There is one place, however, where doctors can talk candidly about their mistakes, if not with patients, then at least with one another. It is called the Morbidity and Mortality Conference – or, more simply, M+M – and it takes place, usually once a week, at nearly every academic hospital in the country. This institution survives because laws protecting its proceedings from legal discovery have stayed on the books in most states, despite frequent challenges.’ 

Sunday, February 9, 2020

Anti-NMDAR or Autoimmune Encephalitis:$1 Million Investigation:

 
In the new world of AQPs, should CCGs be paying for doctors that did all kinds of investigations and still did not know what was wrong with you? What if your illness is so new that very few of the new breed of tick-box doctors know nothing about?

As we are now suppose to follow guidelines and protocols, where would new disease come in? Not that long ago, Legionnaires was declared by a psychiatrist as mass hysteria until he also caught it. Would we now be able to discover Helicobacter pylori without some maverick experimenting on himself!

Hospital Medicine has its place in the medical world and most Bright Young Things are after the Pride in world class medicine. 

So, in my recent research on Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis, I came across a book by Susannah Cahalan. In Hospital, her doctors did loads of tests and investigations but could not find out what was wrong with her. The cost mounts up and her insurance had to pay for these negative investigations. Luckily she worked for NY Post and her insurance covered most of the fees.

NPR:
November 14, 201211:00 AM

In 2009, Susannah Cahalan was a healthy 24-year-old reporter for the New York Post, when she began to experience numbness, paranoia, sensitivity to light and erratic behavior. Grasping for an answer, Cahalan asked herself as it was happening, "Am I just bad at my job — is that why? Is the pressure of it getting to me? Is it a new relationship?"

But Cahalan only got worse — she began to experience seizures, hallucinations, increasingly psychotic behavior and even catatonia. Her symptoms frightened family members and baffled a series of doctors.

On some of the symptoms she exhibited at the hospital:

"I slurred my words. I drooled. I didn't have proper control over my swallowing ... I kept my arms out in unnatural poses. At one point, I was like the Bride of Frankenstein — I kept my arms out rigidly. I was slow. I could hardly walk, and when I did, I needed to be supported ... I started [acting] very psychotic. I believed that I could age people with my mind. If I looked at them, wrinkles would form, and if I looked away, they would suddenly, magically get younger. And I believed that my father had murdered my stepmother. I believed all these incredibly paranoid — a huge, extreme example of persecution complex. And then as the days went on, I stopped being as psychotic, and I started entering into a catatonic stage, which was characterized by just complete lack of emotion, inability to relate, or to read, or hardly to be able to speak."

As weeks ticked by and I moved inexplicably from violence to catatonia, $1 million worth of blood tests and brain scans revealed nothing. The exhausted doctors were ready to commit me to the psychiatric ward, in effect condemning me to a lifetime of institutions, or death.

Pride & World Class Medicine:

The head doctors started speaking of a mythical miracle man named Dr. Souhel Najjar. "He would find out what it is," they would say. They even nicknamed him "Dr. House."

My mom requested that we meet this Najjar in person. And after two spinal taps came back with high white blood cell counts -- an abnormal occurrence that signifies brain swelling -- the case was officially passed on to Najjar, a Syrian-born neurologist, neuro-pathologist and epileptologist at NYU Medical Center.

When he came to speak with us, my family was buoyed by his confidence.

He grasped my hands and said, "I'm going to find out what this is and fix it."

Then he handed me a pencil and a piece of paper.

"Draw a clock," he said.

I grasped the pencil and made a circle. Feeling a little confused and put on the spot, I drew in the clock face.

My mother and father gasped.

All the numbers were written on the right side of the clock face, and no numbers were on the left side.

NAJJAR now had five clues as to what was overtaking me: the seizures, the catatonia, the high blood pressure, the high white blood cell count in my spinal taps and the bizarre clock. It was preliminary proof that the right side of my brain (which controls the left side of the body) was inflamed. He believed it was some sort of autoimmune encephalitis, or the swelling of the brain caused by an attack by rogue antibodies.


He decided to send my blood and spinal fluid to a well-respected neuro-oncologist from the University of Pennsylvania named Dr. Josep Dalmau to test to see if rare antibodies were present.

But we had to wait two weeks for the results.

In the meantime, a brain biopsy would be necessary, Najjar said. They would need to cut out a piece of my temporal lobe.

After the surgery, the blood work and spinal fluid came back positive for rare antibodies called anti-N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor, or anti-NMDAR encephalitis. The name signifies that the receptors in the frontal lobe, responsible for cognitive reasoning, and the limbic system, or the emotional center of the brain, are under assault by the immune system.

My body was attacking my brain.

Penn's Dr. Dalmau had discovered these antibodies in 2007. Until then, people suffering from my madness were misdiagnosed, likely ending up in mental hospitals, if not dead. Experts aren't sure what causes it, though they believe it's genetic, not environmental.
Najjar estimates that nearly 90 percent of those suffering from autoimmune encephalitis go undiagnosed.

Cahalan's new memoir is called  Brain On Fire-My Month of Madness                 

Chapter 29  The Power of Prayers                                       


Brain on Fire                    



Scientific America: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/brain-on-fire-my-month-of/